News, Events & County History

By 1900, the Santa Fe Trail was already history. If asked to locate the Trail, very few people could do so. The Kansas Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) set out to change that in 1902 with a plan to mark the old commerce route as a tribute to the brave pioneers who traversed it.  “Those early travelers prized the old Trail as a road to the future, and we hope the people of years to come will use it and keep its early history in remembrance.”

The DAR enlisted the aid of maps, the knowledge of early settlers, the Kansas State Historical Society and some previously erected markers to trace the route of the SFT. At a Trail Committee meeting in 1905, the Daughters decided to ask the school children of Kansas to contribute a penny each toward the marking of the Trail since the funds appropriated by the State were not enough to pay for all the markers. On Kansas Day 1906, which was also designated as Trail Day, Lakin students brought their pennies to school, collecting around $2 towards the project.

In 1907, the DAR announced that 96 markers had been placed throughout Kansas. Kearny County’s markers arrived by rail in July of that year, and commissioners paid the expense of setting the five stones. Since Kearny County did not have a DAR chapter, County Clerk and Lakin pioneer F.L. Pierce gave prompt and efficient attention to the task of having the markers placed. One marker was erected in Deerfield in what is now the city park. In Lakin, one monument was set at the old courthouse at the corner of Main and Waterman. This marker was moved to the current courthouse in 1939. Another marker was placed at the site of the 1886 school just east of Buffalo Street but was moved to Lakin High School in 1961.

Hartland’s Main Street was the location of the fourth marker. As Hartland gradually disappeared, the marker was engulfed in weeds. Billy Carter was cultivating the ground and put a long chain around the marker and pulled it over to his house. Later the DAR Chapter of Garden City secured the assistance of the highway commission and had the marker moved to the River Road where it intersects the once Main Street of Hartland.

The final marker was placed between Lakin and Deerfield at Long Schoolhouse. For several years after the school closed, the marker remained where it was placed by the side of the highway. As the story goes, a young man who was opening a filling station in Lakin thought the marker would look good on the station grounds and brought it to Lakin. It is believed that this marker is the one that now sits atop Indian Mound and is pictured at the end of this article.

The dates for the SFT that the DAR had engraved on the markers (1822-1872) are a somewhat controversial topic among trail enthusiasts. The Santa Fe Trail Association recognizes the start of the  trail as 1821 when William Becknell first ventured to Santa Fe and disposed of his trade goods. The Story of the

Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas claims, “The earliest use of the Trail was in 1822, when a caravan left Boonville, Mo., by way of Lexington, Independence, Westport (now Kansas City, Mo.), thence in a southwesterly direction across the great State of Kansas, then only a desert and wilderness, and on to Santa Fe, New Mexico.” The DAR used 1872 because that it is the year that the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad was finished through Kansas, but many contend that the trail actually ended in 1880 when the railroad reached Santa Fe. In 1996, a plea was made in the quarterly newsletter of the Santa Fe Trail Association to press for historical accuracy, but the original engraved dates remain. Nonetheless, more important than the dates on the granite markers is the fact that had the Daughters not marked the historic route when they did, the location of the Santa Fe Trail could have been lost forever.

Sources: “The Story of the Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas” by DAR Historian Mrs. T.A. Cordry, “History of Kearny County Kansas Vol. I”, Advocate archives from 1906, Kansapedia, Kansas State Historical Society, www.santafetrailresearch.com and www.dar.com.

What Francis Aubry lacked in height, he made up for in grit. The 5’4” French Canadian was not only extremely energetic; he also loved a challenge. Born in Quebec, Aubry moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1843 at the age of 18. He clerked in a store for a while, but after seeing the profits available for merchants transporting goods along the Santa Fe Trail, the adventurous Aubry started his own freighting business. His first trip down the trail was in the spring of 1846. His wagon train traveled the approximate 800 miles from Independence to Santa Fe in 45 days which was a relatively quick trip in comparison to the other wagon trains who typically took a full two to three months. Aubry returned to Independence with enough profits to fully pay off the loans he had secured to go into business.

The young horseman concluded that speed was the key to making the most of his freighting business. In the winter of 1847-48, he made the first of his three fast and famous rides. After arriving with a wagon train in Santa Fe in October, Aubry left on horseback December 22 with five others returning to Independence. He arrived alone at his destination in a little over 14 days, 10 days less than the previous record. The following March, Aubry again accompanied a wagon train to Santa Fe. He made the return trip to Independence that time in only eight days and 10 hours. The Independence Expositor claimed that Aubry had walked 40 miles of the trip after his horse went down and slept only four and a half hours.

Aubry’s reputation for fast riding was gaining him recognition, and a $1,000 bet enticed him to carve even more time off his record. Aubry departed Santa Fe on September 12, 1948, with fresh horses having been positioned at several points along the route. When he swapped mounts for his favorite mare, Dolly, Aubry gulped down a quart of boiling coffee and was last seen riding away with a hunk of broiled buffalo meat in his hand. When he got to the place where he was to exchange Dolly for a fresh ride, there were no horses to be found, only a scalped, lifeless man. He had no choice but to continue on his favorite steed. Some reports say Dolly carried him 200 miles in 26 hours until he ran into a wagon train and got a fresh horse from the wagonmaster who promised to take Dolly back to Santa Fe. Aubry reached Independence in five days and 16 hours. On his arrival, he was helped from his horse and carried into a local hotel, his saddle soaked in blood and his thighs raw from riding. Aubry had broke down six horses on his journey. Having only slept two and a half hours and eating only six meals, the exhausted explorer strapped himself into the saddle for the last 40 hours of the trip. Aubry’s record still stands over 170 years later and garnered him nicknames such as Skimmer of the Plains and Telegraph Aubry. His freighting business, which benefited from his reputation for speed, ultimately became dubbed as the Lightning Express.

Convinced that there must be a better route for wagon trains between the Arkansas River and the Cimarron Route, Aubry set out to find a shortcut. In late 1851, he discovered a detour that became known as the Aubry Cutoff or Aubry Route. This shortcut not only saved time but was also safer and offered more water, wood and areas for grazing. Because it is thought that Aubry traveled the Bear Creek Pass on one of his quick rides, the Aubry Route has been confused with the Bear Creek Pass that connected the Upper Crossing at Chouteau’s Island to Wagon Bed Springs. In fact, area historian India Harris Simmons wrote a series of articles on the Aubry Route in the early 1900s saying as much, and a map from the History of Kearny County Volume 1 also labeled the Aubry Cutoff as the route from Chouteau’s Island to Wagon Bed Springs. That route was marked when the trail was surveyed back in the 1820s, but has been debunked as the Aubry Route.

Aubry’s Route followed the trail westward along the Arkansas River. Instead of turning south at Chouteau’s Island, it continued to a point about 12 to 15 miles above the island. The route then angled through Hamilton and Stanton Counties in Kansas and Baca County, Colorado before reaching Cold Springs in the Oklahoma Panhandle where it joined up with the Cimarron Route. According to noted trail scholar and author Leo Oliva, Aubry gave an early description of the Aubry Route to Brevet Captain S.B. Buckner, the commanding officer at Fort Atkinson. This description and a sketch map were forwarded to Fort Leavenworth. Military and stage lines used Aubry’s Route as early as 1852.

Until 1988, scholars believed that Aubry’s cut-off began at the site of Fort Aubrey, a military camp based in Hamilton County from 1865 to 1866. However, upon examining the rough terrain and sandhills in this area, Oliva and his wife came to the conclusion that the freighters would not have tried to plow through the rough sandhills south of Fort Aubrey. The route would have been used for a horse trail and nothing more; however, three miles to the east, fine sharp ruts were found for several miles south of the river which puts the wagon crossing for Aubry’s Route closer to Kendall.

The spirited and daring Aubry died in August of 1854 from a stab wound sustained in a fight with an Albuquerque newspaper publisher. Aubry took offense to a story Hanson Weightman ran about him which led to a confrontation between the two men. Aubry drew a pistol which prematurely discharged, the bullet hitting the ceiling. When Weightman saw Aubry draw his gun, he drew a bowie knife and before Aubry had time to bring his pistol down and fire a second time, Weightman stabbed him in the abdomen. The 29-year-old Aubry had made the most of his short life, securing his place in history not only for his speed and endurance but also for trailblazing the Aubry Route which continued to be used for nearly 20 years after his death.

Sources: “The Aubry Route of the Santa Fe Trail” by Leo E. Oliva, “The Santa Fe Trail Revisited” and “Maps of the Santa Fe Trail” by Gregory M. Franzwa, “The Fantastic Ride of F.X. Aubry” by David Dary, “Seattle Man Rides a Trail that leads back to 1848” by Erik Lacitis, archives of the Kansas Weekly Herald, Saturday Morning Visitor and Kansas City Star, History of Kearny County Vol. I, santafetrailresearch.com, legendsofamerica.com, The Santa Fe Trail Association and the National Park Service.

Click on this link to read about former Kearny County residents who have been honored by the Kansas Cowboy Hall of Fame. The article is from the Museum’s 2021 Summer Newsletter.

It’s not every day you see a buckskin clad rider and his horse with no name traveling through Lakin.  Oliver McCloskey of Cedar City, Utah, was on his 38th day of traveling when he stopped by the Kearny County Museum on July 19. The fur tanner and survivalist bought his horse at Fort Scott, Kansas and started out on June 12 to travel the Santa Fe Trail.

McCloskey is not new to this type of adventure. Last year he traveled the Oregon Trail. Since the first part of the SFT mirrors that of the Oregon Trail, McCloskey decided he would take up where he left off  last year. After leaving Fort Scott, he joined up with the SFT at Canton. He will travel the original trail as much as possible, but just like the Oregon Trail, much of the SFT is not accessible.

While on his journey, McCloskey will take in as many historical sites as possible. Friends can follow him and see pictures of his trek on his Facebook page. Averaging 15 to 20 miles per day, McCloskey takes turns riding and leading the horse. He said he usually walks about two miles for every 4 miles he rides in order to give the nine-year-old mare a break. Although he carries some water and food with him, Oliver said Kansans have been very generous offering sustenance for both he and his four-legged friend. McCloskey carries along a knife and long gun for protection as well as to forage up meals when needed. He sleeps next to his steed at night, usually under the stars and his saddle blankets. Thanks to the generosity of strangers, some nights they buck down in barns.

One might wonder why he hasn’t named his four-legged companion.  McCloskey said he is a no-strings attached kind of guy and will sell the horse after his journey is complete. He said it is hard keeping a horse with his lifestyle because he is away from home so much of the time. The appaloosa he traveled on last year also did not have a name and was sold. “By the time the horses have traveled that many miles, they are broke in well and in high demand,” McCloskey said. He already has buyers lined up for “No Name” who said they would drive to Santa Fe with a trailer to pick the horse up when the duo’s journey is over.

Summer scavenger hunts have returned to Kearny County Museum. This is a free activity for all children up to and including the age of 17. Children under the age of 12 must be accompanied with an adult who can help them solve the riddles! Each participant will receive a set of clues upon entering the Museum, and all the answers can be found in the Museum.

All participants will receive a free old-fashioned candy stick. Those who correctly answer each riddle will be entered into a drawing for free prizes at summer’s end. There are three sets of clues so participants can be entered up to three times in the drawing.

Social distancing is required for this event. The hunt can be done Tuesdays through Fridays between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. until July 30th.

It is with great sadness that the Historical Society learned of the passing of former Kearny County Museum Director, Harold Smith. This article was written in 2014 by Dave Horner for the Museum’s newsletter. The Historical Society extends our deepest sympathy to Harold’s family and friends. We will long remember and appreciate Harold’s contributions as a member and employee of the Kearny County Historical Society.

At this time of year, the Kearny County Historical Society has typically either just had our annual meeting and election of officers or are planning the event. Due to concerns over Covid-19, the board decided not to have an annual meeting this year.  While our county is currently in an Alert Level 1, as recently as two weeks ago we were at a Level 3. This meant that local health officers recommended decreased in-person interactions with others, necessary travel only, and limited attendance at gatherings of any number. Until Kearny County is consistently in a Level 1 and we learn more about the virus, KCHS activities will continue to look differently.

The Museum is open during regular hours, but we still have a mask mandate in place. This is because many of our visitors come from out of town, and we have no way of knowing whether they came from or traveled through an area of greater Covid infection. Rather than make exceptions to the rule for certain persons or groups, we have made face masks a blanket policy.

We also kindly ask visitors to maintain a safe distance from other guests, and displays are strictly hands off. Children under 12 must be accompanied by an adult and closely supervised. We continue to limit the number of visitors in the Museum and have not resumed guided tours.

Our greatest priority is our staff, volunteers, community AND collections. As conservators, we know that we must do no harm to historic artifacts and want our cultural resources to be here for future generations. Unlike hospitals, schools and other public buildings, many of our artifacts cannot be disinfected without compromising them.

Our board will periodically re-evaluate our policies, many of which have been adopted based on Museum Industry Standards. We appreciate your cooperation during this trying and uncertain time and hope that Covid-19 will be behind us soon so that we can safely return to business as usual.

GOD BLESS!

Despite being laden with perils, the Santa Fe Trail was a pathway to wealth for many traders. In 1828 alone, $150,000 of merchandise was taken to Santa Fe. That same year, both danger and necessity led a caravan of traders to bury more than $10,000 of silver at Chouteau’s Island in Kearny County. The traders were returning to Missouri, and among the group was a man by the name of William Young Witt. Witt, a third cousin to the grandmother of lifetime Lakin resident B.C. Nash, kept notes about the tumultuous journey.

“After a few days’ rest, sight-seeing and purchasing stock to replace our own jaded animals, preparations were made for the return trip. All the money we had received for our goods was in gold and silver, principally the latter, in consequence of which, each member of the company had about as much as he could conveniently manage, and, as events turned out, much more than he could take care of.”

On the morning of the third day after leaving Santa Fe, the company’s entire herd was stampeded and they were left upon the prairie without as much as a single mule to pursue the thieves. While some remained to guard camp, others returned to Santa Fe to recover the stock which they had to repurchase “for there was no law governing those lawless bands that infested that country at that time.” The incident opened the party’s eyes to the treachery that awaited them. They kept up a vigilant guard both day and night eventually arriving at the Upper Cimarron Springs.

“One morning, just before dawn, the whole earth seemed to resound with the most horrible noises that ever greeted human ears; every blade of grass appeared to re-echo the horrid din. In a few moments every man was at his post, rifle in hand, ready for any emergency, and almost immediately a large band of Indians made their appearance, riding within rifle-shot of the wagon. A continuous battle raged for several hours,“ wrote Hitt. Though successful at stampeding all the horses and mules, the bows and arrows of the Indians were not enough against the gunpowder of the traders so the Indians retreated. Hitt was wounded six times. (According to fellow trader Milton E. Bryan’s account and Hitt’s son’s account, Hitt was wounded 16 times.)

The men soon realized the seriousness of their condition being 300 miles away from Santa Fe. The next morning some of them stayed in camp while Hitt and the others took off in hopes to find some of the lost stock. Upon his return to camp, Hitt was overtaken by Indians. While two held his legs, the other “plunged his hatchet, as he supposed, into my head, but instead of scuffling to free myself and rise to my feet, I merely turned my head to one side and the wicked weapon was buried in the ground, just grazing my ear.” Hitt escaped two more swings of the hatchet before some of his traveling companions arrived to rescue him. All the men returned to camp and took turns guarding the wagons through the night.  Unable to secure any of their stock, they left by foot in the morning with each man shouldering a rifle and a proportion of provisions. They were not far when they spied smoke rising from the area of the camp. The Indians had set fire to their wagons.

After eight days travel, they had less than 100 pounds of flour left and had been unsuccessful in finding any game. Hitt recalled, “For two weeks the allowance of flour to each individual was but a spoonful, stirred in water and taken three times a day.” Adding to their futility was a scarcity of water. In desperation, the troupe was once compelled to suck the moist clay from a buffalo wallow. “Some became so weak and exhausted that it was with the greatest effort they could travel at all,” wrote Hitt.

As soon as a convenient camping ground was found, the men made shelter and left the weakest of their party while some of the strongest hunted. Successful at last in killing some small game and buffalo, they used buffalo chips to fuel a fire. After a few day’s rest, the men began again to march homeward, but their money had become a greater burden than they could bare. They decided to bury it at the first good place they came upon. “We came to an island in the river to which we waded, and there, between two large trees, dug a hole and deposited our treasure…This task finished, with much lighter burdens, but more anxious than ever, we again took up our march eastwardly.”

Traveling for over two weeks by foot, the men were exhausted; some scarcely able to move. They divided company, “one portion to press on, the weaker ones to proceed by easier stages, and when the advance arrived at the settlement, they were to send back a relief for those plodding on wearily behind them. Soon a few who were stronger than the others reached Independence, Missouri, and immediately sent a party with horses to bring in their comrades” who were seemingly nothing but human skeletons wrapped in rags, but “all got safely to their homes.”

Hitt is not mentioned as being among the men who returned to Chouteau’s Island the following spring and recovered the silver under the protection of the first military escort along the Santa Fe Trail. Sources: “William Y. Hitt Santa Fe Trail Memoires,” “The Old Santa Fe Trail” by Colonel Henry Inman, “Commerce of the Prairies” by Josiah Gregg, “The Flight of Time” by Milton E. Bryan, “Kansas Before 1854: A Revised Annals” compiled by Louis Barry, & ancestry.com with special thanks to Meg Nash Spellman.

William Becknell, known as the father of the Santa Fe Trail, first traveled the trail in 1821. Many special events had been planned in 2021 to commemorate the trail’s 200th anniversary, but Covid-19 has hampered some of those events. Consequently, the Santa Fe Trail Association Board has expanded the commemoration of the historic trail to run from 2021-2025. This allows SFT chapters to safely schedule their events over the next few years. The focus will not only be on Becknell’s first trip but also subsequent trips made by Americans as well as Mexican traders who began shipping goods from Santa Fe and Mexico over the SFT to places further east. Visit http://santafetrail.org/ or http://santafetrail200.org for event dates and info.

No events have been planned in Kearny County at this time, but have a look at this video to learn more about points of interest on the trail in our county. You can also head over to our Fun & Games page (https://kearnycountymuseum.org/fun-games-for-young-pioneers-and-the-young-at-heart/)  and print out some Santa Fe Trail activity sheets. Remember if you’re ever in Kearny County, we would love to have you drop by the Museum!

While Covid-19 has affected many people, activities and businesses, one thing didn’t change when the New Year rang in. Many Americans once again made their yearly resolutions to lose weight. TOPS (Take Off Pounds Sensibly) has helped millions of people to take off and keep off pounds since its inception in 1948. Founded and headquartered in Milwaukee, Wis., TOPS promotes successful weight management with a philosophy that combines healthy eating, regular exercise, wellness education and support from fellow members.

The organization was the brainchild of housewife Esther S. Manz. Manz was pregnant with her fifth child and participating in group sessions designed to prepare women for childbirth where she witnessed the power of mutual support in helping women stay within their doctors’ guidelines for pregnancy. She contemplated a weight loss group with a similar philosophy and discussed it with her doctor who encouraged her to follow through with the idea. Championing weight loss support and success, TOPS grew to about 2,500 members in six states by 1951. Manz’s story appeared in LIFE magazine in April that year, and by the year’s end there were chapters in every state and a total membership of over 6,000. By 1955, TOPS had gone international and had given birth to KOPS. (Keep Off Pounds Sensibly)

Tumbleweed TOPS Chapter #278 was organized locally in November of 1967 with 19 charter members. Weekly meetings and weigh-ins were integral to the program. Tips for counting calories, meal plans, activities, guest speakers, and encouragement were keys to its success. Members were rewarded when they lost weight for consecutive periods of time: for example, four weeks of consecutive weight loss earned a charm, 10 weeks earned a bracelet and 12 weeks earned a necklace. Likewise, minimal fines were paid by those who gained weight. In the early years of the organization, the member who gained the most during the week would have a mandatory (but good-natured) penalty imposed such as wearing a “Porky” pig lapel pin for a week. In time, chapters were discouraged from this practice as national leaders felt it hurt the organization’s image and could be embarrassing or misconstrued as demeaning.

Bringing women together with the common cause of losing weight, TOPS created a camaraderie between its members. Contests, picnics, rallies, and coronations were all part of local chapter happenings. Members attended themed State Recognition Days and conventions and met with other TOPS chapters in the area for fun and fellowship. TOPS proved that working together to lose weight could be fun.

While TOPS looks forward to continued success on the national and international level, the local chapter decided to call it quits in 2020 due to the looming threat of Covid-19. According to Geneva Williams, the lone remaining charter member, the seven remaining members were also getting older and getting out and about was becoming difficult for them.

Williams received a 50-year certificate from the national office in 2017. She made many great memories (as well as dresses for Recognition Days) through the years. “The best thing about TOPS was the camaraderie. We always had a good time,” Williams said. Her favorite memory is when Lakin’s Mildred Yager was crowned queen of Kansas for losing the most overall weight in the state.

Scrapbooks, minutes and other artifacts of the local TOPS chapter were donated to the museum and will be put on display when the clubs and organizations section is revised and re-opened to the public.

From the Winter 2021 newsletter. Want to see more of the newsletter? You can get your own delivered to your mailbox 4 times a year for a one-time membership fee of $20. Go to our membership page and complete the form today!